sub readUnicode($)
 {my ($f) = @_;
  open(my $F, "<:encoding(UTF-8)", $f) or die "Cannot open $f for unicode input";
  local $/ = undef;
  <$F>;
 }

sub writeUnicode($$)
 {my ($f, $s) = @_;
  if ($f =~ /\A(.+[\\\/])/)
   {my $d = $1;
    makePath($d);
   }    
  open(my $F, ">:encoding(UTF-8)", $f) or die "Cannot open $f";
  say {$F} $s;
 }