BEFORE   | AFTER  | COMMENT
-------------+--------+-----------------
 '^(^)(foo)' | ^(foo) | ^(^) = escaped ^
   '^^(foo)' | ^BAR   | ^ literal if not
                      | part of pattern
'^(^)^(foo)' | ^BAR   | Explicit escape
'^^(^)(foo)' | ^^BAR  | Or ^(^)^(^)^(foo)