$[

The index of the first element in an array, and of the first character in a substring. Default is 0, but you could theoretically set it to 1 to make Perl behave more like awk (or Fortran) when subscripting and when evaluating the index() and substr() functions. (Mnemonic: [ begins subscripts.) 
As of release 5 of Perl, assignment to $[ is treated as a compiler directive, and cannot influence the behavior of any other file. --> Its use is highly discouraged :-)


$[ = 1;
$x[0] = 1;
show();
$x[0] = 2;
show();
$x[1] = 3;
show();
sub show { print "\$x[$_] = $x[$_]\n" for 0..$#x; }