my @fruits = ('apple','orange','apple','orange');
my $num_apple = grep /^apple$/i, @fruits
print $num_apple;

##</code><code>##

@unique = grep { ++$count{$_} < 2 } qw(a b a c d d e f g f h h);print "@unique\n";

##</code><code>##

my @crops = qw(wheat corn barley rice corn soybean hay alfalfa rice hay beets corn hay);
my @dupes = grep { $count{$_} == 2 } grep { ++$count{$_} > 1 } @crops;print "@dupes\n";
##</code><code>##

@files = grep { -f and -T } glob '* .*';
print "@files\n";

##</code><code>##

@a = (0 .. 9, 'a' .. 'z');
$password = join '', map { $a [int rand @a ] } 0 .. 7;
print "$password\n";

##</code><code>##

%hash = ( Elliot => Babbage,
          Charles => Babbage,
          Grace => Hopper,
          Herman => Hollerith
        );
@sorted = map { { ($_ => $hash{$_}) } }
              sort { $hash{$a} cmp $hash{$b}
                     or $a cmp $b
                   } keys %hash;
foreach $hashref (@sorted) {
    ($key, $value) = each %$hashref;
    print "$key => $value\n";
}

Charles => Babbage
Elliot => Babbage
Herman => Hollerith
Grace => Hopper

##</code><code>##

my %data = (bananas => 1,oranges => 7,apples => 12, mangoes => 3,pears => 8,);
# Using <=> instead of cmp because of the numbers
foreach my $fruit (sort {$data{$a} <=> $data{$b}} keys %data) {
    print $fruit . ": " . $data{$fruit} . "\n";
}

##</code><code>##

use strict;
use warnings;
use Data::Dumper;
use Encode qw(encode);
my $rupee =  encode("UTF-8", chr(0x20B9));
print "\n$rupee"."19264/-\n";