use strict;

my $test = 'The brown fox int(10) over float(200) fence.';

my %dict = (
    'brown'      => 'yellow',
    'int\(\d+\)'   => 'int',
    'float\(\d+\)' => 'float',
);

for my $i ( keys %dict ) {
    $test =~ s/$i/$dict{$i}/gi;
}

print "$test\n";