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in reply to Bates Number in PDF

One possibility is to use the approach shown in Re: PDF page numbering as a starting point.

This example is over-printing text (in this case page numbers) using PDF::API2.

Note also that you can adjust the page size by changing the scale argument to formimage E.g. to shrink page to 90% of full size:

$gfx->formimage($xo, # page overlay 0, 0, # x y .9); # scale to 90% of full size