note merlyn I'm sorry, but I've been doing OO since 1980 (with the original Smalltalk 80 image). I can't see how this would be useful in the slightest. Can you give an example of a real use of this, that is reasonably normal OO and not just a laboratory case? As in, what problem were you trying to solve when you came up with this? <p>-- <a href="http://www.stonehenge.com/merlyn/">Randal L. Schwartz, Perl hacker</a></p> 180852 180852