note davido Though I'm almost certain that's what the OP had in mind, it relies on a bug rather than a documented feaure. For that reason I happen to like this solution to question #5 of the OP's quiz: <p> <strike><code> sub{my$x=\$x}; </code></strike> <p> <b>Updated version that creates only one $x:</b> <p> <code> sub { my $x; $x = \$x; } </code> <p> The anonymous sub is created and immediately falls out of existance because it's not passed to a scalar variable. And yet $x never disappears because its reference count is always going to be 1; it refers to itself. <p> It probably doesn't qualify as a static, and is pretty much useless, but it meets the definition of static that the OP gave. <p> <div class="pmsig"><div class="pmsig-281137"> <br><p>Dave</p><br> <font size=-1> "If I had my life to live over again, I'd be a plumber." -- Albert Einstein</font> </div></div> 302287 302316