note mr_mischief Now that I've taken a closer look, this is the shortest iterative version I could find (and also the shortest I could make it and have it run under strictures and warnings, although those aren't really prerequisites in golf): <code> sub indexArray3{ 1while$_[0]ne pop;$#_ } </code> I'd say that's pretty obfuscated, too. It can be done in a couple fewer characters recursively, if you use a one-character subroutine name and eliminate any unnecessary whitespace. I'd like to know hoe to do it in fewer iteratively, but I just can't figure anything out. Please point it out to me if there's a way. <p> Chris Stith 66003 69529