note nysus Now that the cat's out of the bag, I'll share the explanation I had written up...a bit more long winded: <p> <b>HOW THE CODE WORKS</b><p> So what's going on here? At first glance, this bit of code seems pretty straightforward. Line 1 assigns numbers 1 thru 5 to the first 5 elements of the <code>@list</code> array. Lines 3-6 do nothing but declare variables. The <code>foreach</code> loop starting on line 8 assigns each element of <code>@list</code> to <code>$each</code> and multiplies the contents of <code>$each</code> by two. It then assigns each <code>$each</code> to an element of the <code>@newlist</code> array. Finally, the <code>for</code> loop starting on line 14 simply steps through each element of both the <code>@newlist</code> and <code>@list</code> arrays simultaneously and subtracts one array from the other. You would expect the first iteration of the <code>for</code> loop to be <i>2-1</i> yielding "1", the next iteration to give <i>4-2</i> yielding "2", and so on. So what's the problem here?<p> The answer lies in the first statement of the <code>foreach</code> block, <code>$each *= 2;</code>. What happens is that the <code>@list</code> array gets <b>aliased</b> through the <code>$each</code> variable. What does this mean? It means that whatever you do to the <code>$each</code> variable in the <code>foreach</code> loop, you also do to the corresponding element of the <code>@list</code> array. So, for example, when <code>$each</code> is equals "3" and it gets multiplied by "2", the third element of <code>@list</code> gets multiplied by "2", too, setting it's value to "6". And there you have the reason why the output of this code is nothing but 5 zeroes! 72605 72605