#!/usr/bin/env perl use strict; use warnings; while () { my ($name, $code) = (split)[0,-1]; print $code eq 'I-GPE' ? " $name" : $. == 1 ? $name : "\n$name"; } print "\n"; __DATA__ Buenos - SPN Buenos B-GPE Aires - SPN Aires I-GPE Afghanistan - SPN Afghanistan B-GPE Europa - SPN Europa B-GPE UE - I UE B-GPE Italia - SPN Italia B-GPE Provincia - SS Provincia B-GPE di - E di I-GPE Lucca - SPN Lucca I-GPE