The understanding of passing references is REALLY important for OO-Perl. I have spent much time playing with all the possible syntaxes of referencing and de-referencing. I'm sure there are always more things to learn about the subject. But I suggest you all discover all you can.
Play with referenced multi-depth structures as much as possible. For example:

#!/usr/bin/perl -w

use strict;

sub FullStru { # creates the structures
    my $stru = { # an annonymous hash (ad hoc hash)
                Level2a => { # another ad hoc hash
                           Level3a => ['a'..'z'], # an ad hoc list at 
+level 3
                           Level3b => [1..10] # another
                          },
                Level2b => [ qw(word1 word2 word3) ] # an ad hoc list 
+at level 2
               };
    return $stru; # notice that this is a reference to an annoymous ha
+sh with sub levels
}

sub DownOne {
    my $ref = shift; # by using a reference, you get the whole enchila
+da
    
    if ( ref($ref) eq 'HASH') {
        # return the elements as list. No real practical value other
        # than as an exercise.. at least as much as I can see
        return 'ref to HASH', values %$ref;
    } elsif (ref($ref) eq 'ARRAY') {
        # return the elements as a list
        return 'ref to ARRAY', @$ref;
    } elsif (ref($ref) eq 'SCALAR') {
        return 'ref to SCALAR', $$ref;
    } elsif ( not ref($ref)) {
        return 'not a ref';
    } # and so on..
}
    

my $X = FullStru(); # create the structure and return a pointer to it

# first level
my @results1 = DownOne($X);
print join("\n",@results1),"\n";
shift(@results1); # get rid of that first element

# second level
my $elem;
foreach $elem (@results1) {
    print "\n\t",join("\n\t",DownOne($elem)),"\n";
}

# and so on.. you get the idea
[download]

The result should look like this:

ref to HASH
HASH(0x1d5f518)
ARRAY(0x1d5f548)

    ref to HASH
    ARRAY(0x22526c)
    ARRAY(0x1d5f488)

    ref to ARRAY
    word1
    word2
    word3
[download]

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