$ perl -e' printf "chars: %2d digits: %13.f %s dominoes: %11.f\n", $_, 10**$_, qw( < = > )[( 10**$_ <=> 7**($_+1) )+1], 7**($_+1), for 1..12 ' chars: 1 digits: 10 < dominoes: 49 chars: 2 digits: 100 < dominoes: 343 chars: 3 digits: 1000 < dominoes: 2401 chars: 4 digits: 10000 < dominoes: 16807 chars: 5 digits: 100000 < dominoes: 117649 chars: 6 digits: 1000000 > dominoes: 823543 chars: 7 digits: 10000000 > dominoes: 5764801 chars: 8 digits: 100000000 > dominoes: 40353607 chars: 9 digits: 1000000000 > dominoes: 282475249 chars: 10 digits: 10000000000 > dominoes: 1977326743 chars: 11 digits: 100000000000 > dominoes: 13841287201 chars: 12 digits: 1000000000000 > dominoes: 96889010407