Re^3: How to avoid "Use of uninitialized value" with printf?

[GrandFather]

There are a number of interesting parts to that statement. The sprintf is just a printf that returns a string instead of sending it to a file.

map processes lists. The expression inside the map is evaluated for each element in the list in turn with $_ aliased to the current element. A list containing the result of evaluating the expression for each element is returned by map.

join just glues elements in a list together using the first string as glue.