I think we can solve this without doing any fancy sorting or iterating. How about a simple regular expression approach using upper and lower case characters as our markers?

#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use warnings;

$\ = $/;
my $string = 'eichenbaumschule';
my @query = qw(baum ums eic chu le);

$string =~ s/$_/uc $_/ieg for @query;
@query = $string =~ /([A-Z]+)/g;
print for @query;
__OUTPUT__
EIC
BAUMSCHULE
[download]

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