Here's the first. Look closely at this code and see if you can figure out what its output will be before you run it.

#!/usr/bin/perl -w
use strict;

{
    my $closure;
    sub func_w_closure {
        print "Closure! ", $closure++, "\n";
        func_w_closure($_[0]+1) if $_[0] < 3;
    }
}

sub func_w_static {
    my $static if 0;
    print "Static! ", $static++, "\n";
    func_w_static($_[0]+1) if $_[0] < 3;
}

func_w_closure(0);
func_w_static(0);
[download]

I'll use tilly's spoiler trick:

[~] $ dev/test/scope.pl Closure! 0 Closure! 1 Closure! 2 Closure! 3 Static! 0 Static! 0 Static! 0 Static! 0 [download]

In other words, the closure is the same variable through all calls, including recursive ones, while each recursive call to the func_w_static gets its own copy.

The cool thing about that, of course, is that if you call func_w_closure again, you see that each recursive instance keeps its value!

The other difference is that closures can be shared among functions -- if you stick another function into the lexical scope of `$static' above, some_function and your new function will refer to the same variable.

-dlc