The word "predicate" was used here not in logical terms, but vaguely refers to the term used in (functional) programming. The origin of the term was though largely stemmed from perl. Perl functions map, grep, and sort, for example, receive their first argument a special function, and a list of arguments. In functional programming, these mapping functions (callbacks, not map/grep themselves) are sometimes called predicates.
In Io::Lambda, functions like sleep() and tail() are declared very similarly. They also accept a function and a list of arguments. The only semantic difference is that the label "predicate" has moved away from the callback to the function itself. That possibly questions if the choice of the word itself was appropriate, however, I couldn't find a better one.
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