You clearly want to use a regular expression:

#!/ichigo/perl

use v5.12;
use warnings;
use strict;

my @array = qw/ one two three four five /;
my %hash  = (
    row_1 => [ qw/ one five two / ],
    row_2 => [ qw/ four two / ],
    row_3 => [ qw/ three one five four / ],
);

my $row = "@array";
say $row;

for my $key (sort keys %hash) {
    my $re = join '|', @{$hash{$key}};
    say "$key = ", grep s/\b($re)\b|\w+/$#-/g, "$row";
}
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