C:\>perl -E "use warnings;$a = chr(0); $a x= 2**31; substr( $a, 0, 2**16 ) =~ tr[\0][\1]; substr( $a, 2**16, 2**16 ) =~ tr[\0][\1];" substr outside of string at -e line 1. Use of uninitialized value in transliteration (tr///) at -e line 1.