(1) a = b ( a != 0, b != 0 ) (2) aa = ab (3) aa - bb = ab - bb (4) (a - b)(a + b) = b(a - b) (5) a + b = b (6) b + b = b (from a = b, (1)) (7) 2b = b (8) 2 = b/b (9) 2 = 1