sub nice_list { return '' if @_ == 0; return shift if @_ == 1; my $last = pop; return join(', ', @_) . " and $last"; } my $line; my @data; my @family; my @members; foreach $line (@data){ @family = split ('=', $line); @members = split (',', $family[1]); my %is_eaten_by = ( $family[0] => [ (@members) ], ); foreach my $fruit (keys %is_eaten_by) { my $eaters = $is_eaten_by{$fruit}; my $num_eaters = @$eaters; print("$num_eaters ${fruit}: ", (@$eaters), "\n"); } }