#!/usr/bin/perl use strict; use Data::Dumper; my %europe = ( skin => "euro-white", language => { default => "euro-englisch", instrument => "euro-clarinet", }, politics => "euro-democratic", ); my %german = ( skin => "de-white", language => { default => "de-german" } ); my %bavarian = ( skin => "bav-white", language => { default => "bav-bavarian" } ); # this is not enough, german/language overwrites # the complete hash of euro/language my %woman = ( %europe, %german, %bavarian ); print Dumper(\%woman); # result is this: # $VAR1 = { # 'skin' => 'bav-white', # 'politics' => 'euro-democratic', # 'language' => { # 'default' => 'bav-bavarian' # ** this is not here: instrument => "euro-clarinet", # } # }; unless ($woman{language}->{instrument}) { die "Error: Language instrument is not there"; } else { print "It worked\n"; }