=== haskell === data Tree a = Leaf a | Node (Tree a) (Tree a) deriving (Show, Eq) fringe :: Tree a -> [a] fringe (Leaf x) = [x] fringe (Node n1 n2) = fringe n1 ++ fringe n2 sameFringe :: (Eq a) => Tree a -> Tree a -> Bool sameFringe t1 t2 = fringe t1 == fringe t2 === Perl 6 === sub fringe ($tree) { multi sub fringey (Pair $node) { fringey $_ for $node.kv } multi sub fringey ( Any $leaf) { take $leaf } (gather fringey $tree), Cool; } sub samefringe ($a, $b) { all fringe($a) Z=== fringe($b) }