You did not clearly specify actual and desired results. But, this may get you started.
#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use warnings;
use feature 'say';
use Data::Dumper;
my %hash;
for my $line (<DATA>)
{
chomp $line;
next if ($line =~ /dG\s=\s(.*?)\s/);
my @temp = split(/\s+/, $line);
$hash{ $temp[1] } = $temp[4];
}
say Dumper( \%hash );
__DATA__
300 dG = -62.54 [initially -70.70] gi178893_M23263_rna_300-1
1 G 0 2 0 1
2 A 1 3 0 2
3 A 2 4 0 3
4 U 3 5 0 4
5 U 4 6 0 5
6 C 5 7 0 6
7 C 6 8 0 7
8 G 7 9 34 8
9 G 8 10 33 9
10 C 9 11 0 10
11 G 10 12 32 11
12 G 11 13 31 12
13 A 12 14 0 13
14 G 13 15 30 14
15 A 14 16 29 15
16 G 15 17 28 16
17 A 16 18 27 17
18 A 17 19 26 18
19 C 18 20 25 19
neil@ettin ~/src/perltest $ ./foo.pl
$VAR1 = {
'G' => '28',
'C' => '25',
'A' => '26',
'U' => '0'
};