s/(".*?")/($x=$1)=~y: :_:, $x/ge)

[CUT]

  =~y: :_:,                '=~y: :_:, '
----------------------------------------------------------------------
  $                        before an optional \n, and the end of the
                           string
----------------------------------------------------------------------
  x/ge                     'x/ge'
[download]

Hm... Is it good explanation??
I'll try in my poor english:

s/(".*?")/($x=$1)=~y: :_:, $x/ge)
^^^^^^^^^1
          ^^^^^^^2
                  ^^^^^^^3
                          ^^4
                             ^^^5
[download]

1) take ALL between " and "
2) So you have ALL in $1. $1 is read only, so copy $1 to $x. And now, for one moment forget about all and work only on $x (this is thanx /e which "wraps an eval{...} around the replacement string and the evaluated result is substituted for the matched substring".
3)in $x replace all ' ' to '_'
4)put replaced $x into first s/from/to/
5)g - works globaly; e - eval the replacment string

greets
Uksza

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