Writing this node reminded me of a testing technique I occasionally find useful.

Consider the following code:

package DeepThought;

sub new { bless {}, shift };

sub foo  {
    my $self = shift;
    $self->bar(42);
};

sub bar {
    my ($self, $n) = @_;
    print "$self says the answer is $n\n";
};
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I want to test that foo calls bar. I could check the text output by bar, but that ties my test to the what bar outputs. Since this can change independently I want to avoid this.

Solution: use local to redefine bar for the scope of the test. For example:

use Test::More tests => 2;

isa_ok(my $o = DeepThought->new, 'DeepThought');

{
    my $ok;
    no warnings;
    local *DeepThought::bar = sub { $ok = 1 if $_[1] == 42 };
    use warnings;
    $o->foo();
    ok($ok, 'foo called bar');
};
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This technique allows you to mock only part of the class you are testing (hence "Micro Mocking" :-). Occasionally very useful.

You can, of course, use the same method for other classes too. For example, if you had:

package Foo;
use CGI;

sub new {
    my $class = shift;
    bless {cgi => CGI->new}, $class;
};
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You could check that Foo->new called CGI->new like this:

use Test::More tests => 1;

{   
    my $called = 0;
    no warnings;
    local *CGI::new = sub { $called = 1 };
    use warnings;
    my $o = Foo->new;
    ok($called, 'Foo->new called CGI->new');
};
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But, by this point, Test::MockObject is probably a more sensible choice :-)