Well, then you'll probably want to get the list of column names via a separate query, store those in an array (e.g. "@colnames", then use the array to define the data query and then load the hash:
my $sqlstr = "select " . join(",", @colnames) . " from sometable ...";
my $sth = $dbh->prepare( $sqlstr );
while ( $rowref = $sth->fetchrow_arrayref ) {
@rowhash{@colnames} = @$rowref;
...
}
(untested, but it should give you a good-enough idea...; um, especially after the update to use "@$rowref" in the hash slice assignment instead of "$$rowref" which was wrong.)
Since you're using mysql, you could get the list of column names by a query like "describe sometable" -- the column name will be the first column in each returned row. (There are other ways, but this is pretty simple.)
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