#!/usr/bin/perl use strict; use warnings; use Benchmark qw 'cmpthese'; our %hash = map {$_, $_} 1 .. 100_000; cmpthese (-10, { keys => '$a = 0; for (keys %hash) {$a += $_}', while => '$b = 0; while ($_ = each %hash) {$b += $_}', }); __END__ Rate keys while keys 5.23/s -- -26% while 7.05/s 35% --