use strict; use warnings; sub tst { warn "entering tst()\n"; my $arg = shift; # line 6 warn "leaving tst()\n\n"; } my %h=(); tst $h{''}; tst $h{undef}; # line 12 my $bla=''; tst $h{$bla}; # line 14 $bla=undef; tst $h{$bla}; # line 16 undef $bla; tst $h{$bla}; # line 19