sub nested_foreach(&@) { ... # see above } sub nForX(&@) { ... # see BrowserUK's post } # my @size = (500, 900); # my @size = (5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5); my @size = (100, 4, 75, 23); my @AoA = map { [map { chr($_+64) x int(rand(10)) } 1 .. $_] } @size; cmpthese -10, { iterative => sub { nested_foreach { join("", @_) } @AoA }, recursive => sub { nForX { join("", @_) } scalar @AoA, @AoA }, };