use v5.14; package Person { use Moose; use overload q[""] => sub { $_[0]->name }, fallback => 1; has name => ( is => 'ro', isa => 'Str', required => 1, ); } package Club { use Moose; use overload q[""] => sub { $_[0]->name }, fallback => 1; has name => ( is => 'ro', isa => 'Str', required => 1, ); # This is a private attribute. We want people to only # manipulate the member list via add_members, etc. has _members => ( traits => ['Array'], is => 'ro', isa => 'ArrayRef[Person]', init_arg => undef, default => sub { [] }, handles => { add_members => 'push', has_members => 'count', list_members => 'elements', _uniq_members => 'uniq', }, ); # ensure uniqueness after add_members => sub { my $self = shift; @{ $self->_members } = $self->_uniq_members; }; } my $club = Club->new(name => "The Breakfast Club"); $club->add_members( Person->new(name => "Allison"), Person->new(name => "Andy"), Person->new(name => "Brian"), Person->new(name => "Brian"), # duplicate ); $club->add_members( Person->new(name => "Andy"), # duplicate Person->new(name => "Claire"), Person->new(name => "John"), ); say for $club->list_members;