#! perl
use strict;
use warnings;
use Benchmark qw( cmpthese );

my $n                  = 1e6;
my $foreach_loop_total =   0;
my $c_for_loop_total   =   0;
my $while_loop_total   =   0;
my $while_loop_total2   =   0;

cmpthese 100, {
    foreach_loop => \&foreach_loop,
    c_for_loop   => \&c_for_loop,
    while_loop   => \&while_loop,
    while_loop2   => \&while_loop2,
};

print "\$foreach_loop_total = $foreach_loop_total\n";
print "\$c_for_loop_total   = $c_for_loop_total\n";
print "\$while_loop_total   = $while_loop_total\n";
print "\$while_loop_total2  = $while_loop_total2\n";

sub foreach_loop {
    $foreach_loop_total -= $_ for -$n .. 0;
}

sub c_for_loop {
    for (my $j = $n; $j >= 0; --$j) {
        $c_for_loop_total += $j;
    }
}

sub while_loop {
    my $n = $n;
    $while_loop_total += $n-- while $n;
}

sub while_loop2 {
    use integer;
    my $n = $n;
    $while_loop_total2 += $n-- while $n;
}

__END__
C:\test>junk
               Rate   c_for_loop   while_loop  while_loop2 foreach_loop
c_for_loop   4.94/s           --         -22%         -39%         -44%
while_loop   6.31/s          28%           --         -22%         -28%
while_loop2  8.07/s          63%          28%           --          -8%
foreach_loop 8.76/s          77%          39%           8%           --
$foreach_loop_total = 50000050000000
$c_for_loop_total   = 50000050000000
$while_loop_total   = 50000050000000
$while_loop_total2  = 50000050000000