if($str =~ s/XLVIII$/IL/    or
                 $str =~ s/VIII$/IX/      or
                 $str =~ s/III$/IV/       or
                 $str =~ s/DCCCXCIX$/CM/  or
                 $str =~ s/CCCXCIX$/CD/   or

                 $str =~ s/LXXXIX$/XC/    or
                 $str =~ s/XXXIX$/XL/     or


                 $str =~ s/(I{1,2})$/$1I/ or

                 $str =~ s/CDXCIX$/D/     or
                 $str =~ s/CMXCIX$/M/     or
                 $str =~ s/XCIX$/C/       or

                 $str =~ s/I([VXLCDM])$/$1/ or
                 $str =~ s/([VXLCDM])$/$1I/) { }

              return $str;