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    print $array[0];
          ^

    my @array = (1, 2, 3, 'four');
    my $reference = \@array;
    print $reference;

    my @array = (1, 2, 3, 'four');
    my $reference = \@array;
    print $reference;
    push @array, (1 .. 1000);
    $reference = \@array;
    print $reference;

    my @array = (1, 2, 3, 'four');
    my $reference = \@array;
    print $reference->[0];

    my @array = (1, 2, 3, 'four');
    my $reference = \@array;
    $reference->[0] = 'one';
    print "@array";

    my @array = (1, 2, 3, 'four');
    print $array[0];

    my @array = (1, 2, 3, 'four');
    my $reference = \@array;
    print $reference->[0];

    my @array1 = (1, 2, 3, 'four');
    my $reference1 = \@array1;
    my @array2 = ('one', 'two', 'three', 4);
...

    # this refers to the first item of the first array:
    print $array[0]->[0];

    my @array1 = (1, 2, 3, 'four');
    my $reference1 = \@array1;

    my @array1 = (1, 2, 3, 'four');
    my $reference1 = \@array1;
    my @array2 = ('one', 'two', 'three', 4);
...

    my @array = ($reference1, $reference2);
    print $array[0]->[0];

    my @array = ( [1, 2, 3, 'four'], ['one', 'two', 'three', 4] );
    print $array[0]->[0];

    my @array = ([1, 2, 3, 'four'], ['one', 'two', 'three', 4]);
    print $array[0][0];

    my @shapes = (
            [qw/circle square triangle polygon/],
            [qw/red green blue yellow fuschia/] );

    use Data::Dumper;
    print Dumper \@shapes;

$VAR1 = [
          [
            'circle',
...
            'fuschia'
          ]
        ];