note manav The above solutions rely on interpreting the hash in a list context, in which it returns all its key value pairs flattened out. for eg, see the below code <code> use strict ; use warnings ; my %hash=('a'=>'b','c'=>'d') ; my @arr=(%hash) ; local $"="|" ; print "@arr" ; </code> which spews out <code> a|b|c|d </code> Now, <code> (%hash,'e'=>'f') </code> flattens out the key value pairs of %hash into a list. Hence it reduces to <code> ('a'=>'b','c'=>'d','e'=>'f') </code> So on and so forth for code like <code> (%hash1,%hash2) </code> <div class="pmsig"><div class="pmsig-431065"> <br><br>Manav<br> </div></div> 442097 442097