note moritz I hesitated before writing about the byte level, but [aes://S02] explictly mentions it: <p><em>You can also ask for the total string length of an array's elements, in bytes, codepoints or graphemes, using these methods <c>.bytes</c>, <c>.codes</c> or <c>.graphs</c> respectively on the array. The same methods apply to strings as well.</em> <p>And of course you have a byte level if you specify an encoding, or if there is a default one. Just like you can have a language dependent notion of a grapheme if you pick a language. <p>But I think the spec should be a bit clearer regarding how the character encoding is chosen. 661510 661537