$_[4] is the fifth element of @_, the array containing subroutine arguments. $_[4] is used in both subroutines in the @rules array, and it is used as a hash reference. The @rules array is passed to XML::Rules->new(...). I would expect XML::Rules to call one or both of the subroutines while parsing the XML document.
And, lo and behold, XML::Rules does call the subroutines passed in @rules. The documentation clearly states that the fifths parameter is the parser object (a blessed hash reference), documented with the name $parser. It offers two workspaces, $parser->{'pad'} and $parser->{'parameters'} to "store any data you need".
Alexander
--
Today I will gladly share my knowledge and experience, for there are no sweeter words than "I told you so". ;-)
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