=pod
=encoding utf8
I don't know when that directive was introduced.
It's documented in Perl v5.8.8 perlpod;
I couldn't find it documented in my copy of "Programming Perl, 3rd Edition" which covers Perl v5.6.
It's some years since I used Cygwin, but I recall it came with a very old version of Perl.
Use perl -v to determine the version you're using; you may need to update; the latest stable production version is 5.18.2.
I recalled you've had other installation problems recently.
I went back to check and noticed you've just added Re: Difficult compiling Package::Stash::XS which includes "/usr/lib/perl5/5.14/x86_64-cygwin-threads/...".
That tends to rule out an old Perl version problem (assuming you're using v5.14 in the curent scenario).
I tried installing DateTime::Locale::pa_Guru_IN myself via cpan and it worked fine without any errors or warnings (I have Perl v5.18.1):
$ cpan
cpan[1]> install DateTime::Locale::pa_Guru_IN
...
Creating new 'Build' script for 'DateTime-Locale' version '0.45'
...
Installing /Users/ken/perl5/perlbrew/perls/perl-5.18.1t/lib/site_perl/
+5.18.1/DateTime/Locale.pm
...
Installing /Users/ken/perl5/perlbrew/perls/perl-5.18.1t/lib/site_perl/
+5.18.1/DateTime/Locale/pa_Guru_IN.pm
...
DROLSKY/DateTime-Locale-0.45.tar.gz
./Build install -- OK
I found a bug report that may have a bearing on your problem: Bug #85628 for DateTime-Locale: [PATCH] POD fix.
I also tried to install just DateTime. This worked fine also:
cpan[3]> install DateTime
...
DROLSKY/DateTime-1.06.tar.gz
./Build install -- OK
And, just to be on the safe side, in case that new version had caused some issue:
cpan[4]> install DateTime::Locale::pa_Guru_IN
DateTime::Locale::pa_Guru_IN is up to date (undef).
You haven't said how you're actually "using cpan to install DateTime".
Perhaps try with the commands I've shown or, if you've been specifying a distribution, check the version numbers.
Regarding the last part of your question, L<...> is a POD formatting code for hyperlinks (described in perlpod: Formatting Codes).
The two http://* links do resolve correctly via a browser (you can try them directly yourself).
Until you can install DateTime, not being able to link to/from its documentation is moot.
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