if (length $word > 45) {
  my $forty_sixth = substr($word, 45, 1);
  $word = substr($word, 0, 45);
  $word =~ s/\s*\w*\z// if $forty_sixth =~ /\w/;
}

##</code><code>##

if (length $word > 45) {
  my $forty_sixth = substr($word, 45, 1);
  $word = substr($word, 0, 45);
  $word =~ s/\w+\z// if $forty_sixth =~ /^\w/;
  $word =~ s/\s+\z//;
}