Is your problem solved with the addition of {} around $usernumber or was that a copy mistake? If the problem still exists, read on:
#!/usr/bin/env perl
use warnings;
use strict;
use 5.10.0;
my $h= { 'user' => { 'firstname' => 'Joe','lastname' => 'Shmoe'}};
my $h2= { 'user' => 'Finance Department'};
say "yes" if (ref($h->{'user'}) eq "HASH");
say "no" if (not ref($h2->{'user'}) eq "HASH");
#OUTPUT:
yes
no
As you can see ref() works. So probably you feed the wrong data to ref(). You could use Data::Dumper to print out your $xml to see if it fits your expectation. And print out $xml->{$usernumber}->{"user"} just before your "if"-clause to check what it contains at that crucial moment. If ref() returns "HASH" then you can be really sure that it is a hash that is in there and not the string "Finance Department"
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