I'm also in the process of learning some perl internals. Besides perlguts, perlxs, the book "Extending and Embedding perl" is a good read. One thing I learnt is the module
Devel::Peek, using it you can see some internals of perl variables, for example
# devel.pl
use Devel::Peek;
my $a = "test";
Dump $a;
my $b = 5;
Dump $b;
my $c = "123";
Dump $c;
will give you:
SV = PV(0x22548c) at 0x18244e8
REFCNT = 1
FLAGS = (PADBUSY,PADMY,POK,pPOK)
PV = 0x22cadc "test"\0
CUR = 4
LEN = 5
SV = IV(0x1828e5c) at 0x182450c
REFCNT = 1
FLAGS = (PADBUSY,PADMY,IOK,pIOK)
IV = 5
SV = PV(0x2254a4) at 0x18244dc
REFCNT = 1
FLAGS = (PADBUSY,PADMY,POK,pPOK)
PV = 0x22b26c "123"\0
CUR = 3
LEN = 4
Besides showing the ref count, the magic flags, you can roughly see how the in-memory structure looks like.
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