The 1 is there because you have to supply some Perl code to -e, but in this case you don't care to do anything, you just want the side effects of the other switches. Using a 1 by itself as your "script" is just like having 1; on a line by itself in a script — it does nothing.
This can be used for such funny command lines as
perl -please textfile # print the contents of the textfile
perl -deal # fire up the debugger for interactive fiddling
These are equivalent to
perl -p -l -e '"ase"' textfile
perl -d -e '"al"'
where you simply have a string on a line by itself as the only statement in your "code", resulting in a no-op.
Makeshifts last the longest.
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