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package Compress; use Digest::MD5 'md5_hex'; ############################################################ # Blech. Try to be compatible... sub newheap; # somehow... # Try for my C++-based heap. eval q{ use STL; sub newheap { return new STL::Heap sub { $_[0]->[0] > $_[1]->[0] }; } }; if ($@) { # Okay, try for Heap::Binary eval q{ use Heap; package MyHE; sub new { my $class = shift; $class = ref($class) || $class; return bless [undef, shift], $class; } sub heap { my $self = shift; if (@_) { $self->[0] = shift; } $self->[0]; } sub thing { my $self = shift; $self->[1]; } sub cmp { my ($this, $that) = @_; return $this->[1][0] <=> $that->[1][0]; } package Myheap; use Heap::Binary; sub new { my $class = shift; $class = ref $class || $class; return bless [0, new Heap::Binary], $class; } sub push { my $self = shift; $self->[1]->add(MyHE->new($_)) foreach @_; $self->[0] += @_; } sub pop { my $self = shift; $self->[0]--; $self->[1]->extract_minimum->thing; } sub size { my $self = shift; $self->[0]; } package Compress; sub newheap { new Myheap; } }; } if ($@) { die "Can't find a usable priority queue on your system:\n$@"; } sub import { my $me = shift; %O = (standalone => 1, type => 'LZW', uu => 1); if (@_) { my $o0 = shift; my $caller = caller; if ($o0 eq 'decompress') { *{"$caller\::decompress"} = \&decompress; } elsif ($o0 eq 'compress') { *{"$caller\::compress"} = \&compress; } else { # put it back. unshift @_, $o0; } # The rest of the arguments are name=value options. my %o = @_; @O{keys %o} = values %o; } } sub compress { my $data = shift; my %o = @_; @O{keys %o} = values %o; my $cdata = &{"Compress::$O{type}::compress"}($data, \%O); if ($O{uu}) { $cdata = pack 'u', $cdata; } if ($O{standalone}) { my $sa = &{"Compress::$O{type}::standalone"}(\%O); return $sa.$cdata; } else { return join("\n", "use FilterCompress ".join(', ', map { "$_ => '$O{$_}'" } grep!/decompress|file|data/,keys %O).";", md5_hex($data), $cdata); } } sub decompress { my $data = shift; my %o = @_; @O{keys %o} = values %o; if ($data =~ /^([0-9a-f]+)\n(.*)\z/so) { if ($O{uu}) { $data = unpack 'u', $2; } else { $data = $2; } $data = &{"Compress::$O{type}::decompress"}($data, \%O); my $cksum = md5_hex($data); die "Bad checksum ($1 != $cksum) for code:\n$data\n--\n" unless $cksum eq $1; } else { die "Filter::Compress: $0 doesn't look compressed:\n$data\n"; } $data; } ############################################################ package Compress::LZ77; sub import { } sub compress { my $str = shift; die "Sorry, code too long\n" if length($str) >= 1<<16; my @rep; my $la = 0; while ($la < length $str) { my $n = 1; my ($tmp, $p); $p = 0; while ($la + $n < length $str && $n < 255 && ($tmp = index(substr($str, 0, $la), substr($str, $la, $n), $p)) >= 0) { $p = $tmp; $n++; } --$n; my $c = substr($str, $la + $n, 1); push @rep, [$p, $n, ord $c]; $la += $n + 1; } join('', map { pack 'SCC', @$_ } @rep); } sub decompress { my $str = shift; my $ret = ''; while (length $str) { my ($s, $l, $c) = unpack 'SCC', $str; $ret .= substr($ret, $s, $l).chr$c; $str=substr($str,4); } $ret; } sub standalone { my $O = shift; my $ret = <<'EOC'; BEGIN{open$^W=0;$/=$!;$_=<0>;s/^.*?}\n//s;#UUDEC#while(length) {($o,$l,$c)=unpack'SCC',$_;$r.=substr($r,$o,$l).chr$c;$_=substr $_,4}eval$r;exit} EOC if ($O->{uu}) { $ret =~ s/#UUDEC#/\$_=unpack'u',\$_;/; } else { $ret =~ s/#UUDEC#//; } $ret; } ############################################################ package Compress::LZSS; sub import { } sub compress { my $str = shift; die "Sorry, code too long\n" if length($str) >= 1<<16; my @rep; my $la = 0; while ($la < length $str) { my $n = 1; my ($tmp, $p); $p = 0; while ($la + $n < length $str && $n < 255 && ($tmp = index(substr($str, 0, $la), substr($str, $la, $n), $p)) >= 0) { $p = $tmp; $n++; } --$n; if ($n < 2) { push @rep, "\0".substr($str, $la, 1); ++$la; } else { push @rep, pack 'CS', $n, $p; $la += $n; } } join('', @rep); } sub decompress { my $str = shift; my $ret = ''; my $o = 0; while ($o < length $str) { my $n = unpack 'C', substr($str, $o); if ($n == 0) { $ret .= substr($str, $o + 1, 1); $o += 2; } else { my $p = unpack 'S', substr($str, $o + 1); $ret .= substr($ret, $p, $n); $o += 3; } } $ret; } sub standalone { my $ret = <<'END'; BEGIN{open$^W=$o=0;$/=$!;$_=<0>;s/^.*?}\n//s;#UUDEC#while ($o<length){$n=unpack'C',substr$_,$o++;$r.=($n?substr($r, (unpack'S',substr$_,$o++),$n):(substr$_,$o,1));$o++}eval $r;exit} END if (shift->{uu}) { $ret =~ s/#UUDEC#/\$_=unpack'u',\$_;/ } else { $ret =~ s/#UUDEC#//; } $ret; } ############################################################ package Compress::LZW; my (%LZ, %UNLZ, %SA); sub import { %LZ = (12 => sub { my $v = ''; for my $i (0..$#_) { vec($v, 3*$i, 4) = $_[$i]/256; vec($v, 3*$i+1, 4) = ($_[$i]/16)%16; vec($v, 3*$i+2, 4) = $_[$i]%16; } $v; }, 16 => sub { pack 'S*', @_ }); %UNLZ = (12 => sub { my $code = shift; my @code; foreach (0..length($code)*2/3 - 1) { push @code, (vec($code, 3*$_, 4)<<8) | (vec($code, 3*$_+1, 4)<<4) | (vec($code, 3*$_+2, 4)); } @code; }, 16 => sub { unpack 'S*', shift; }); # Now the self-extracting glop: my $ANY_16 = <<'EOC'; BEGIN{open$^W=0;$/=$!;%d=map{($_,chr)}0..($n=255);($s=<0>) =~s/^.*?}\n//s;eval join'',map{($C,$P)=@d{$_,$p};$p=$_;if (!defined$P){$d{$p}}elsif(defined$C){$d{++$n}=$P.substr$C,0, 1;$C}else{$d{++$n}=$P.substr$P,0,1}}unpack'S*',#UUDEC#;exit} EOC (my $u16 = $ANY_16) =~ s/#UUDEC#/unpack'u',\$s/; (my $n16 = $ANY_16) =~ s/#UUDEC#/\$s/; my $ANY_12 = <<'EOC'; BEGIN{open$^W=0;$/=$!;%d=map{($_,chr)}0..($n=255);($s=<0>)=~s/^.*?}\n/ +/s; #UUDEC#eval join'',map{($C,$P)=@d{$_,$p};$p=$_;if(!defined$P){$C}elsif (defined$C){$d{++$n}=$P.substr$C,0,1;$C}else{$d{++$n}=$P.substr$P,0,1} +}map{ vec($s,3*$_,4)<<8|vec($s,3*$_+1,4)<<4|vec$s,3*$_+2,4}0..length($s)*2/3 +-1;exit} EOC (my $u12 = $ANY_12) =~ s/#UUDEC#/\$s=unpack'u',\$s;/; (my $n12 = $ANY_12) =~ s/#UUDEC#//; %SA = ('12u0' => $n12, '12u1' => $u12, '16u0' => $n16, '16u1' => $ +u16); } sub compress { my ($str, $O) = @_; my $p = ''; my %d = map{(chr $_, $_)} 0..255; my @o = (); my $ncw = 256; for (split '', $str) { if (exists $d{$p.$_}) { $p .= $_; } else { push @o, $d{$p}; $d{$p.$_} = $ncw++; $p = $_; } } push @o, $d{$p}; if ($O->{bits} != 16 && $ncw < 1<<12) { $O->{bits} = 12; return $LZ{12}->(@o); } elsif ($ncw < 1<<16) { $O->{bits} = 16; return $LZ{16}->(@o); } else { die "Sorry, code-word overflow"; } } sub decompress { my %d = (map{($_, chr $_)} 0..255); my $ncw = 256; my $ret = ''; my ($str, $O) = @_; my ($p, @code) = $UNLZ{$O->{bits}}->($str); $ret .= $d{$p}; for (@code) { if (exists $d{$_}) { $ret .= $d{$_}; $d{$ncw++} = $d{$p}.substr($d{$_}, 0, 1); } else { my $dp = $d{$p}; warn unless $_ == $ncw++; $ret .= ($d{$_} = $dp.substr($dp, 0, 1)); } $p = $_; } $ret; } sub standalone { my $o = shift; return $SA{"$o->{bits}u$o->{uu}"}; } ############################################################ package Compress::Huffman; # Compute bit-codes from tree. sub tree2str { my ($str, $x) = @_; if (!defined $x->[2]) { $rep{$x->[1]} = $str; } else { tree2str($str.'0', $x->[1]); tree2str($str.'1', $x->[2]); } } sub compress { my %p = (); my $s = shift; my @chars; if (ref $s eq 'ARRAY') { @chars = @$s; } else { @chars = split '', $s; } for (@chars) { $p{$_}++; } my $h = Compress::newheap(); $h->push(map { [ $p{$_}, $_, undef ] } keys %p); while ($h->size > 1) { my ($x, $y) = ($h->pop, $h->pop); $h->push( [$x->[0] + $y->[0], $x, $y] ); } local %rep = (); # gets filled in by tree2str. tree2str('', $h->pop); if ($::DEBUG) { foreach (sort keys %rep) { print STDERR "$_ <- $rep{$_}\n"; } } my $data = ''; for (@chars) { $data .= $rep{$_}; } my $nbits = length($data); my $tree = pack 'CL', scalar keys %rep, $nbits; print STDERR "len = ", scalar keys %rep, "nbits = $nbits\n" if $:: +DEBUG; while (my ($k, $v) = each %rep) { die "Sorry, Huffman code too long ($v)\n" if length $v >= 32; $tree .= pack('Cb32', ord($k), '0'x(31 - length $v).'1'.$v); } $data = pack 'b*', $data.('0'x((8 - $nbits%8) % 8)); print STDERR length($data), " bytes of data\n" if $::DEBUG; $tree.$data; } sub decompress { my $str = shift; my ($len, $nbits) = unpack 'CL', $str; $str = substr($str, 5); print STDERR "len = $len, nbits = $nbits\n" if $::DEBUG; my %rep; for (0..$len - 1) { my ($c, $x) = unpack 'Cb32', substr($str, 5*$_, 5); $x =~ s/^0*1//; die "Duplicate: $x -> $c" if exists $rep{$x}; $rep{$x} = chr $c; } if ($::DEBUG) { foreach (sort keys %rep) { print STDERR "$_ <- $rep{$_}\n"; } } $str = substr($str, 5*$len); print STDERR length $str, " bytes of data\n" if $::DEBUG; my $data = unpack "b$nbits", $str; my $ret = ''; my $n; while (length $data > 0) { $n = 1; while (!exists($rep{substr($data, 0, $n)})) { $n++; die $n if $n > length $data; } $ret .= $rep{substr($data, 0, $n)}; $data = substr($data, $n); } $ret; } sub standalone { my $ret = <<'EOC'; BEGIN{open 0;$/=$!;($s=<0>)=~s/^.*?}\n//s;#UUDEC#($l,$L)=unpack'CL',$s +;$s= substr$s,5;for(1..$l){($c,$x)=unpack'Cb32',$s;$x=~s/^0*1//;$r{$x}=chr$ +c;$s =substr$s,5}$_=unpack"b$L",$s;while(length){$n=1;1while!exists$r{subst +r$_, 0,$n++};$r.=$r{substr$_,0,--$n};$_=substr$_,$n}eval$r;exit} EOC if (shift->{uu}) { $ret =~ s/#UUDEC#/\$s=unpack'u',\$s;/; } else { $ret =~ s/#UUDEC#//; } $ret; } ############################################################ package Compress::BWT; # Burrows-Wheeler Transform block-sorting compression (i.e. bzip). # # This implementation is a straightforward translation of this Dr # Dobbs' piece: http://www.ddj.com/documents/s=957/ddj9609f/. Also # see # http://gatekeeper.dec.com/pub/DEC/SRC/research-reports/SRC-124.ps.gz # for the original, which IMO better describes the block-sorting. # import Compress::Huffman; sub import { } ############################## # BWT block-sorting sub BLKSIZE() { 16*1024 } # unused, so this sucks for big files. sub QSORT_SIZE() { 5 } # when to use qsort instead of counting +sort. sub _counting_sort { my ($p, $o) = @_; if ($::DEBUG) { ++$calls; if ($o > $maxdepth) { $maxdepth = $o; print STDERR "$o\r"; } } my @a; foreach (@$p) { push @{$a[ord substr($s, $_+$o, 1)]}, $_; } my @ret; foreach (@a) { next unless ref $_; if (@$_ == 1) { push @ret, $_->[0]; } elsif (@$_ < QSORT_SIZE) { my $tmp = $o+1; push @ret, sort { substr($s, $a+$tmp).substr($s, 0, $a+$o) cmp substr($s, $b+$tmp).substr($s, 0, $b+$o) } @$_; } else { push @ret, _counting_sort($_, $o+1); } } @ret; } sub counting_sort { local $s = shift; local $^W = 0; my $l = length $s; $s .= $s; local $maxdepth = 0; local $calls = 0; my @ret = _counting_sort([0..$l-1], 0); print STDERR "Counting sort max depth $maxdepth, calls = $calls\n" if $::DEBUG; @ret; } sub BWT { my $str = shift; my $slow; if (length $str > BLKSIZE) { $slow = 1; warn "BWT will be very slow for ", length $str, " bytes\n"; } my $d = 0; my ($pi, @L); my @posns = counting_sort($str); # This is quite a bit slower than counting sort. # my @posns = sort { substr($str, $a).substr($str, 0, $a-1) cmp # substr($str, $b).substr($str, 0, $b-1) } # (0 .. length($str) - 1); my $i; foreach $i (0..$#posns) { if ($posns[$i] == 0) { $pi = $i; } push @L, ord(substr($str, $posns[$i] - 1, 1)); } ($pi, \@L); } sub unBWT { my ($pi, $L) = @_; my (@P, @C); my @ret; print STDERR "length = ".@$L."\n" if $::DEBUG; for (0..$#{$L}) { my $c = $L->[$_]; $P[$_] = $C[$c] || 0; $C[$c]++; } my $sum = 0; { no warnings; for (@C) { $sum += $_; $_ = $sum - $_; } } for (reverse 0..$#{$L}) { my $c = $L->[$pi]; $ret[$_] = $c; $pi = $P[$pi] + $C[$c]; } die unless @ret == @$L; return \@ret; } ############################## # Move-to-front coder sub MTF { my $L = shift; my @ret; my @c = 0..255; foreach (@$L) { for my $i (0..$#c) { if ($c[$i] == $_) { push @ret, $i; splice @c, $i, 1; unshift @c, $_; last; } } } \@ret; } sub unMTF { my $L = shift; my @ret; my @c = 0..255; foreach (@$L) { my $x = $c[$_]; push @ret, $x; splice @c, $_, 1; unshift @c, $x; } \@ret; } ############################## # Run-length coder sub RLE { my @ret; my $l = shift; my $c = $l->[0]; my $n = 1; foreach (@{$l}[1..$#{$l}]) { if ($c != $_) { push @ret, $c, $n; $n = 1; $c = $_; } else { if (++$n > 255) { push @ret, $c, 255; $n = 1; } } } push @ret, $c, $n; if ($::DEBUG) { my $i = 0; while ($i < @ret) { print STDERR "$ret[$i], $ret[$i+1]\n"; $i += 2; } } \@ret; } sub unRLE { my @l = @{shift @_}; my @ret; die unless @l % 2 == 0; my ($c, $n); while (@l) { $c = shift @l; $n = shift @l; print STDERR "$c, $n\n" if $::DEBUG; push @ret, $c for 1..$n; } \@ret; } ############################## # Main compression routines sub compress { my ($str, $O) = @_; print STDERR "BWT..." if $::DEBUG; my ($pi, $L) = BWT($str); print STDERR "\nMTF..." if $::DEBUG; $L = MTF($L); print STDERR "\nRLE..." if $::DEBUG; $L = RLE($L); print STDERR "\nHuffman..." if $::DEBUG; $L = Compress::Huffman::compress(pack('L', $pi) .join('', map { chr } @$L), $O); print STDERR "done\n" if $::DEBUG; return $L; } sub decompress { my $str = shift; # Huffman decode to a string: $str = Compress::Huffman::decompress($str); my $pi = unpack 'L', $str; $str = [map {ord} split '', substr($str, 4)]; $str = unRLE($str); $str = unMTF($str); $str = unBWT($pi, $str); join '', map { chr } @$str; } # Oh, yeah. sub standalone { my $ret = <<'EOC'; BEGIN{open$^W=0;$/=$!;($s=<0>)=~s/^.*?}\n//s;#UUDEC#($l,$L)=unpack'CL' +,$s; $s=substr$s,5;for(1..$l){($c,$x)=unpack'Cb32',$s;$x=~s/^0*1//;$r{$x}=c +hr$c; $s=substr$s,5}$_=unpack"b$L",$s;while(length){$n=1;1while!exists$r{sub +str $_,0,$n++};$r.=$r{substr$_,0,--$n};$_=substr$_,$n}$P=unpack'L',$r;@l=m +ap{ord }split'',substr$r,4;while(@l){push@R,(shift@l)x shift@l}@c=0..255;for( +@R){ push@M,$x=$c[$_];splice@c,$_,1;unshift@c,$x}for(0..$#M){$c=$M[$_];$P[$ +_]= $C[$c]++}for(@C){$s+=$_;$_=$s-$_}for(reverse 0..$#M){$c=$M[$P];$r[$_]= +$c; $P=$P[$P]+$C[$c]}eval join'',map{chr}@r;exit} EOC if (shift->{uu}) { $ret =~ s/#UUDEC#/\$s=unpack'u',\$s;/; } else { $ret =~ s/#UUDEC#//; } $ret; } package Filter::Compress; import Compress::LZW; 1; __END__ =head1 NAME Compress -- Compress your code. =head1 SYNOPSIS use Compress 'compress', OPTIONS; compress $data, OPTIONS ... ; =head1 DESCRIPTION C<Compress> allows you to create pure-Perl self-extracting scripts using a variety of compression algorithms. These scripts will then run on any system with a recent version of Perl. The module exports a function C<compress()> that takes an input program and configuration parameters, and returns an equivalent compressed program. =head2 Options =over =item type C<Compress> currently supports five types of compression. LZW and LZSS are probably the most useful. =over =item BWT -- Burrows-Wheeler Transform (bzip) B<Note>: BWT currently only uses a single block, and is unusably slow on files larger than about 12 kilobytes. Furthermore, the standalone decompression code is significantly larger than that for other methods. =item LZW -- Lempel-Ziv 78-based algorithm =item LZ77 -- Lempel-Ziv 77 =item LZSS -- a variant of LZ77 =item Huffman -- Huffman character-frequency coding =back =item standalone (default: yes) Create a self-extracting script, rather than one using C<FilterCompress> (included in the POD appendices for the moment). =item uu (default: no) Create a uucompressed script. The result will be one third larger, but will still be runnable, and will be 8-bit clean. Interestingly, novice programmers may find it hard to distinguish between the decompression code and the UU-encoded data. =back =head1 NOTES The Huffman (and hence BWT) algorithms require a priority queue implementation. One possibility is the C<Heap> module, available on CPAN. =head1 AUTHOR Sean O'Rourke, E<lt>seano@cpan.orgE<gt> Bug reports welcome, patches even more welcome. =head1 COPYRIGHT Copyright (C) 2002 Sean O'Rourke. All rights reserved, some wrongs reversed. This module is distributed under the same terms as Perl itself. Let me know if you actually find it useful. =head1 APPENDIX: FilterCompress package FilterCompress; use Compress 'decompress'; my %O; sub import { my $me = shift; %O = @_; } use Filter::Simple sub { # XXX: I don't know why this gets called with empty data, but th +at # really pisses decompress() off. $_ = decompress($_, %O) if length; }; 1; =head1 APPENDIX: compress.pl #!/usr/bin/env perl use Getopt::Long; use Compress 'compress'; use strict; sub usage { print STDERR <<END; Usage: $0 [OPTIONS] [file] --type LZW | LZSS | LZ77 | BWT | Huffman --standalone --uu END exit 1; } my %types; for (qw/BWT LZW LZSS LZ77 Huffman/) { $types{$_} = $types{lc $_} = $_; } my %O = (standalone => 1, type => 'LZW', bits => 12, uu => 0); GetOptions(\%O, 'type:s', 'standalone', 'uu', 'bits:i', 'help') or usage(); $O{type} = $types{$O{type}}; usage() if $O{help} || !$O{type}; undef $/; my $data = <>; print compress $data, %O; exit; =head1 APPENDIX: simple test program #!/usr/bin/env perl use Compress 'compress'; require FilterCompress; use strict; $|++; my $test_output = "Hello, compressed world"; my $test = <<END; #!/usr/bin/perl use strict; print STDOUT '$test_output'; END my $tmp = "test.$$.plz"; my $n = 1; for my $type (qw/BWT LZW LZSS LZ77 Huffman/) { for my $uu (0, 1) { for my $sa (0, 1) { if ($type eq 'LZW') { for my $bits (12, 16) { test_it(type => $type, uu => $uu, bits => $bits, standalone => $sa); } } else { test_it(type => $type, uu => $uu, standalone => $sa); } } } } unlink "test.$$"; sub test_it { open(O, ">$tmp") or die "$tmp: $!"; print O compress $test, @_; close O; open I, "perl -w $tmp |"; my $res = <I>; close I or die "perl -w $tmp: $! ($?)"; die "bad output $tmp.out: '$res'\n" unless $res eq $test_output; unlink "$tmp"; print "ok $n\n"; ++$n; } =cut __END__ # You don't see this. # Burrows-Wheeler decompressor, saved with a few comments. Otherwise, # this would be completely incomprehensible in no-time flat. BEGIN{open$^W=0;$/=$!;($s=<0>)=~s/^.*?}\n//s;#UUDEC#($l,$L)=unpack'CL' +,$s;$s=substr$s,5;for(1..$l){($c,$x)=unpack'Cb32',$s;$x=~s/^0*1//;$r{ +$x}=chr$c;$s=substr$s,5}$_=unpack"b$L",$s;while(length){$n=1;1while!e +xists$r{substr($_,0,$n++)};$r.=$r{substr$_,0,--$n};$_=substr$_,$n }$P=unpack'L',$r; # get $pi. @l=map{ord}split'',substr($r,4); # un-RLE: while(@l){push@R,(shift@l)x shift@l}# un-MTF: @c=0..255;for(@R){push@M,$x=$c[$_];splice@c,$_,1;unshift@c,$x}# un-BWT +: for(0..$#M){$c=$M[$_];$P[$_]=$C[$c]++||0}for(@C){$s+=$_;$_=$s-$_; }for(reverse 0..$#M){$c=$M[$P];$r[$_]=$c;$P=$P[$P]+$C[$c] }eval join'',map{chr}@r;exit}

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