my @rules = ( AM_Key => sub { push @{$_[4]->{pad}{am_keys}}, $_[1]{_content}; return }, LK_Key => sub { push @{$_[4]->{pad}{lk_keys}}, $_[1]{_content}; return }, Outpatient_Services => sub { LK_Keys => $_[4]->{pad}{lk_keys}, AM_Keys => $_[4]->{pad}{am_keys}}, _default => undef, ); my $xr = XML::Rules->new( rules => \@rules );