my $sth = $dbh->prepare(" SELECT t.id, t.emp_name, t.emp_email, t.req_status, t.date_requested, t.mngr_email, t.date_submitted, ( SELECT GROUP_CONCAT ( ( CASE WHEN req_status = 'Approved' THEN emp_name END ) SEPARATOR ', ' ) FROM requests s WHERE s.date_requested = t.date_requested ) AS approved FROM requests t WHERE req_status = 'Pending' AND mngr_email = '$filter' AND date_requested >= '$date' ORDER BY emp_name, date_requested ");