#! perl -slw use strict; use Time::HiRes qw( gettimeofday tv_interval ); my $maxflips = 0; my @max_sequence; for my $num ( 1 .. 10 ) { my @start_time = gettimeofday(); @max_sequence = (); print "Pfannkuchen($num) = " . fannkuch( pack 'C*', 1 .. $num ) . " for:"; print unpack 'C*', $_ for sort @max_sequence; my @end_time = gettimeofday(); print tv_interval ( \@start_time, \@end_time ), " elapsed seconds.\n"; } sub fannkuch { my ( $a, $level ) = ( @_, 0 ); my ( $index, $ok, $copy, ) = ( $level, $level + 1 == length( $a ), $a ); do { if ($ok) { if( ord( $copy ) != 1 and ord( substr( $copy, -1 ) ) != length( $copy ) ) { my $q = $copy; my ( $k, $flips ); for ( $flips = 0; ( $k = ord( $q ) ) != 1; $flips++ ) { substr( $q, 0, $k ) = reverse substr( $q, 0, $k ); } if ( $flips > $maxflips ) { $maxflips = $flips; @max_sequence = (); } push @max_sequence, $copy if ( $maxflips == $flips ); } } else { fannkuch( $copy, 1 + $level ); } substr( $copy, $index - 1, 2 ) = reverse substr( $copy, $index -1, 2 ); } while $index--; return $maxflips; } __END__ P:\test>513179-3 Pfannkuchen(1) = 0 for: 0.000368 elapsed seconds. Pfannkuchen(2) = 1 for: 21 0.000206 elapsed seconds. Pfannkuchen(3) = 2 for: 231 312 0.000298 elapsed seconds. Pfannkuchen(4) = 4 for: 2413 3142 0.000434 elapsed seconds. Pfannkuchen(5) = 7 for: 31452 0.001012 elapsed seconds. Pfannkuchen(6) = 10 for: 365142 415263 416523 456213 564132 0.005817 elapsed seconds. Pfannkuchen(7) = 16 for: 3146752 4762153 0.039062 elapsed seconds. Pfannkuchen(8) = 22 for: 61578324 0.339917 elapsed seconds. Pfannkuchen(9) = 30 for: 615972834 3.313848 elapsed seconds. Pfannkuchen(10) = 38 for: 59186210473 35.109115 elapsed seconds.