$ cat u.pl use strict; use warnings; use Data::Dumper; my $hashRef = {amountSubmitted=>1}; print "a hash reference: ", Dumper($hashRef), "\n"; my %hash = (amountSubmitted=>0); print "a hash expands to a list: ", Dumper(%hash), "\n"; print "pass the hash as a ref: ", Dumper(\%hash), "\n";