#!/usr/bin/perl
use warnings;
use strict;

sub _summands {
    my ($target, @numbers) = @_;
    return [[]] if 0 == $target;

    my @results;
    for my $index (0 .. $#numbers) {
        my $number = $numbers[$index];
        my @remaining = @numbers[ grep $_ != $index, 0 .. $#numbers ];
        next if $target - $number < 0;

        my $result = _summands($target - $number, @remaining);
        push @results,
            map [$number, @$_],
            grep ! @$_ || $number <= $_->[0],
            @$result;
    }
    return \@results
}

sub summands {
    my $results = _summands(@_);
    my %unique;
    for my $result (@$results) {
        undef $unique{"@$result"};
    }
    return [ map [split ' '], keys %unique ]
}

use Test::More tests => 2;
use Test::Deep;

cmp_deeply summands(100, 1, 99, 2, 40, 50, 60, 90, 3, 5, 95, 100),
    bag([100], [1, 99], [2, 3, 95], [5, 95], [2, 3, 5, 90], [2, 3, 5, 40, 50], [40, 60]);

cmp_deeply summands(100, 5, 5, 5, 5, 10, 15, 80, 99),
    bag([5, 15, 80], [5, 5, 5, 5, 80], [5, 5, 10, 80]);

##</code><code>##

use Memoize;
memoize('_summands');

##</code><code>##

        my $number = $numbers[$index];
        my @remaining = @numbers[ grep $_ != $index, 0 .. $#numbers ];

##</code><code>##

        my @remaining = @numbers;
        my ($number) = splice @remaining, $index, 1;