sub abc() { $_ = 'x'; } sub xyz() { foreach(4..5) { print " Before:$_\n"; print " After:$_\n"; } } foreach(1..2) { print "Before:$_\n"; xyz(); print "Mid:$_\n"; abc(); print "After:$_\n"; } #### Before:1 Before:4 After:4 Before:5 After:5 Mid:1 After:x Before:2 Before:4 After:4 Before:5 After:5 Mid:2 After:x