#!/usr/bin/perl  
use strict;
use warnings;
use Data::Dump;

my @loci_codes = qw( Bet01 Bet05 Bet06 Bet12 );
my %data;

for my $dataIn (
    qw(
    230;238;101;103;138;146;112;116;;
    230;238;101;103;146;146;108;112;;
    224;238;0;0;146;146;110;118;;
    238;238;0;0;146;146;112;114;;
    )
    )
{
    my @alelos = split ";", $dataIn;

    for my $code (@loci_codes) {
        ++$data{$code}{shift @alelos};
        ++$data{$code}{shift @alelos};
    }
}

Data::Dump::dump(\%data);

for my $code (@loci_codes) {
    print "$code: ";
    print join ', ',
        map {"$_ ($data{$code}{$_})"} sort {$a <=> $b} keys %{$data{$code}};
    print "\n";
}

##</code><code>##

{
  Bet01 => { 224 => 1, 230 => 2, 238 => 5 },
  Bet05 => { "0" => 4, "101" => 2, "103" => 2 },
  Bet06 => { 138 => 1, 146 => 7 },
  Bet12 => { 108 => 1, 110 => 1, 112 => 3, 114 => 1, 116 => 1, 118 => 1 },
}
Bet01: 224 (1), 230 (2), 238 (5)
Bet05: 0 (4), 101 (2), 103 (2)
Bet06: 138 (1), 146 (7)
Bet12: 108 (1), 110 (1), 112 (3), 114 (1), 116 (1), 118 (1)